Latency is architectural
Most latency comes from retrieval hops and orchestration, not the model; RAG pipelines often recreate microservice-style chatter that slows systems down.
Chat Interface to System Component
AI systems behave like probabilistic components; engineers must build structured interfaces and layered constraints to make them reliable inside software systems.
What software engineers need to know about LLMs
Engineers must think in tokens to avoid test‑to‑production mismatches.